وَٱلصَّيْفِ (waṣ-ṣayfi)And The summer

 Let’s break down the word وَٱلصَّيْفِ (waṣ-ṣayfi) — the final part of this key phrase from Surah Quraysh, verse 2:

رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَاءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ
“The journey of winter and summer”

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🌟 Word: وَٱلصَّيْفِ

🔤 Transliteration: waṣ-ṣayfi

🗣️ General Meaning: "and the summer"

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🔍 Word Breakdown

Part	Arabic	Meaning
وَ	wa-	And
ٱلـ	al-	The (definite article)
صَيْف	ṣayf	Summer
ـِ (ending)	-i (kasrah)	Genitive case (because of grammatical connection)

So, وَٱلصَّيْفِ = “and the summer”

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🧬 Root: ص-ي-ف (ṣ–y–f)

This root relates to:

• Summer

• Heat

• Warm seasons or climates

Related Words:

Word	Meaning
صَيْف	Summer
مُصْطَاف	Someone spending the summer
مَصِيف	Summer location/resort

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📘 Meaning in Qur'anic Context

In Surah Quraysh, Allah is highlighting the two seasonal journeys that Quraysh used to make for trade:

• Winter (ٱلشِّتَاءِ) → to Yemen (warmer in winter)

• Summer (ٱلصَّيْفِ) → to Syria (ash-Shām) (more comfortable in summer)

These safe journeys were a great blessing and part of Quraysh's economic security and social stability.

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✅ Final Summary

Component	Meaning
وَ	And
ٱلـ	The
صَيْف	Summer
وَٱلصَّيْفِ	“And the summer”

ٱلشِّتَاءِ (ash-shitā’i)The Winter

 Let’s break down the word ٱلشِّتَاءِ (ash-shitā’i) — from the phrase:

رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَاءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ
“The journey of winter and summer” (Surah Quraysh, verse 2)

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🌟 Word: ٱلشِّتَاءِ

🔤 Transliteration: ash-shitā’i

🗣️ General Meaning: "the winter"

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🔍 Word Breakdown

Part	Arabic	Meaning
ٱلـ	al-	Definite article: “the”
شِتَاء	shitā’	Winter
ـءِ	-i ending	Genitive case (because it follows a noun: رِحْلَةَ)

So ٱلشِّتَاءِ = “the winter” (used in a possessive/connected form: “journey of the winter”)

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🧬 Root: ش-ت-و (sh–t–w)

This root relates to:

• Cold

• Rainy seasons

• Wintertime

Related Words:

Word	Meaning
شِتَاء	Winter
شَتَوِيّ	Wintry / relating to winter

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📘 Meaning in Qur'anic Context

رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَاءِ
“The winter journey” — refers to the seasonal trade trip that Quraysh made to Yemen, where the climate was warm in winter.

This was part of the economic blessing Allah gave them: safe and regular trade routes.

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✅ Summary

Component	Meaning
ٱلـ	The (definite article)
شِتَاء	Winter
ٱلشِّتَاءِ	The winter (in genitive form)

رِحْلَةَ (riḥlata)Journey

 Let's break down the word رِحْلَةَ (riḥlata) — a key word in Surah Quraysh, verse 2:

رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ
“The journey of winter and summer”

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🌟 Word: رِحْلَةَ

🔤 Transliteration: riḥlata

🗣️ General Meaning: “Journey” or “travel”

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🔍 Morphological Breakdown

Part	Arabic	Meaning
رِحْلَةَ	riḥlah (in accusative case)	A journey or expedition (especially long or seasonal travel)

• The ـَ (fatḥah) at the end marks it as the object of the previous word — it is what was "customary" (إِيلَافِهِمْ).

• It’s in singular form, but contextually it refers to two specific recurring trips (as seen in the next words).

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🧬 Root: ر-ح-ل (r–ḥ–l)

This root is related to:

• Traveling

• Packing up for a journey

• Camel riding or caravan travel

Related words:

Word	Meaning
رَحَلَ	He traveled or departed
رِحْلَة	Journey, caravan travel
رَاحِلَة	Mount (camel for travel)

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📘 Meaning in Qur'anic Context

رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ
“The journey of winter and summer”

This refers to:

• Winter journey to Yemen (warmer climate, trade goods)

• Summer journey to Syria (cooler climate, different trade)

Quraysh had safe and successful trade routes in both seasons — a huge economic and social privilege from Allah.

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✅ Summary

Word	رِحْلَةَ
Root	ر-ح-ل
Meaning	Journey / caravan expedition
Context	Refers to Quraysh’s seasonal trade journeys

إِۦلَٰفِهِمْ (īlāfihim)Their accustomed security i

 Let's break down the Arabic word إِۦلَٰفِهِمْ (īlāfihim) — this appears in Surah Quraysh, verse 2:

إِۦلَٰفِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ
“Their accustomed security in the caravan of winter and summer”

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🌟 Word: إِۦلَٰفِهِمْ

🔤 Transliteration: īlāfihim

🗣️ General Meaning:

"Their ilāf" = Their alliance / security / familiar tradition

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🔍 Morphological Breakdown

Part	Arabic	Meaning
إِيلَافِ	īlāf	Familiarity, covenant, alliance
هِمْ	-him (suffix)	“Their” (3rd person masculine plural pronoun)

🧠 So إِيلَافِهِمْ = “The ilāf of them” → “Their accustomed alliance/security”

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🧬 Root: أ-ل-ف (ʾ–l–f)

This root denotes:

• Familiarity

• Unity or harmony

• Becoming accustomed to something

Related Words:

Word	Meaning
أَلِفَ	to be familiar or friendly with
أُلْفَة	companionship, closeness
تَأْلِيف	uniting, reconciling, compiling

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📘 Meaning in Qur'anic Context

In Surah Quraysh, Allah mentions:

لِإِيلَافِ قُرَيْشٍ • إِيلَافِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ

• The repetition of إِيلَاف emphasizes the blessing of peace and trade that Quraysh enjoyed.

• Allah is reminding them of His favor — giving them safe, familiar travel routes in winter and summer.

• It’s a call to recognize these blessings and worship the Lord of the Ka'bah.

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✅ Summary

Component	Meaning
إِيلَافِ	Familiarity / alliance / safety
هِمْ	Their
Full word	“Their security” / “Their alliance”

لِإِيلَٰفِ (li-īlāfi) For the accustomed security/familiarity

 Let's break down the word لِإِيلَٰفِ (li-īlāfi) — this appears at the beginning of Surah Quraysh:

لِإِيلَٰفِ قُرَيْشٍ
“For the accustomed security of Quraysh…” (Surah Quraysh, verse 1)

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🌟 Word: لِإِيلَٰفِ

🔤 Transliteration: li-īlāfi

🗣️ General Meaning: “For the ilāf (familiarity, security, alliance)”

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🔍 Word Breakdown

Part	Arabic	Meaning
لِـ	li-	“For” / “because of” (a preposition showing purpose or reason)
إِيلَٰفِ	īlāf	Agreement, covenant, alliance, familiarity

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🧬 Root: أ-ل-ف (ʾ–l–f)

The root أ ل ف carries meanings such as:

• To become familiar

• To be in harmony or agreement

• To unite or bring together

• To be accustomed to

Related words:

• أَلِفَ (alifa) – to be accustomed to, to befriend

• أُلْفَة (ulfah) – intimacy, companionship

• تَأْلِيف (taʾlīf) – composition, authorship, reconciliation

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📘 Meaning in Context (Surah Quraysh)

In the phrase:

لِإِيلَٰفِ قُرَيْشٍ
“For the accustomed security/familiarity of Quraysh”

This refers to:

• The peaceful trade routes Quraysh enjoyed in winter and summer

• Their social and economic alliances that protected their trade journeys

• Allah is reminding them that He is the one who provided this stability

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✅ Summary

Word	لِإِيلَٰفِ
Root	أ ل ف
Prefix	لِـ = for / because of
Noun	إِيلَٰف = alliance, security, familiarity
Meaning	“For the alliance/security/familiarity” (granted to Quraysh)

تَوَّابًا (tawwāban)Oft-Returning (to mercy), Constant Accepter of Repentance

 Let’s now explore the beautiful and powerful word تَوَّابًا (tawwāban) — the final word in Surah An-Naṣr (110:3):

إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّابًا
“Indeed, He is ever Accepting of repentance.”

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🔍 Word Breakdown: تَوَّابًا

Feature	Arabic	Meaning
Form	Intensive noun (صِيغَةُ المُبالَغَة)	One who accepts repentance repeatedly and abundantly
Pattern	فَعَّال (like تَوَّاب)	Indicates intensity or repetition
Ending (ًا)	Tanwīn fatḥ	Accusative case (grammatical role)

👉 So تَوَّابًا means:

“Oft-Returning (to mercy), Constant Accepter of Repentance”

This is not a one-time forgiveness — it expresses Allah’s continual readiness to forgive over and over.

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🧬 Root: ت-و-ب (t–w–b)

The root ت-و-ب means:

• To turn back, to repent

• A sincere return from sin to obedience

From this root:

• تَوْبَة (tawbah) = repentance

• يَتُوبُ (yatūbu) = he repents / returns

• تَبْ (tub) = repent! (command)

So تَوَّاب is:

• Someone who continually welcomes people back when they repent

• One who turns toward the one turning to Him

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🧠 Meaning in Context

كَانَ تَوَّابًا
“He has always been Most Forgiving”

• Allah is not only able to forgive — He loves to forgive.

• No matter how many times you return to Him, He turns to you more eagerly.

• Even the Prophet ﷺ — who had no sins — is told to seek forgiveness, teaching us the importance of humility and constant return to Allah.

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✅ Summary

Word	تَوَّابًا
Root	ت-و-ب (to return, repent)
Meaning	"Constant Accepter of Repentance" / "Oft-Returning in Mercy"
Context	Describes Allah’s beautiful attribute of always welcoming sincere repentance

كَانَ (kāna)He is (and always was)

 

Let's now explore the word كَانَ (kāna) — a very common and important word in Arabic grammar, found in the final verse of Surah An-Naṣr:

إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّابًا
"Indeed, He is ever Accepting of repentance."

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🔍 Word Breakdown: كَانَ

Form	Arabic	Meaning
Verb (past tense)	كَانَ	He was / has always been

• It's a past tense verb, but often expresses a continuous or established state — especially when used for Allah in the Qur’an.

👉 So in this verse, كَانَ implies:

"He has always been" or "He is (and always was)"

It doesn’t suggest something only in the past, but rather something permanent and ongoing, especially in Qur'anic language.

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🧬 Root: ك-و-ن (k–w–n)

The root ك-و-ن means:

• To be, to exist

• Used to express states of being or tense

From this root we get:

• يَكُونُ = he is / will be (present/future)

• كَوْن = existence, universe

• مَكُوْن = being, creature

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🧠 Meaning in Context

In كَانَ تَوَّابًا, Allah is telling us:

• He has always been forgiving

• His nature is eternally that of accepting repentance from those who return to Him

This reinforces the command just before:

"Seek His forgiveness..." — because He has always been one who forgives.

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✅ Summary

Word	كَانَ
Root	ك-و-ن (to be)
Meaning	"He was" / "He has always been" (in Qur'anic usage: often implies continuity)
Context	Describes Allah’s constant attribute — that He has always been forgiving (Tawwāb)

وَٱسْتَغْفِرْهُ (waʾstaghfirhu)And seek His forgiveness!

 let’s explore the next phrase: وَٱسْتَغْفِرْهُ (waʾstaghfirhu) from Surah An-Naṣr (110:3):

فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَٱسْتَغْفِرْهُ
“So glorify the praise of your Lord and seek His forgiveness…”

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🔍 Word Breakdown: وَٱسْتَغْفِرْهُ

Part	Arabic	Meaning
وَ	Prefix (wa)	And
ٱسْتَغْفِرْ	Command verb	Seek forgiveness!
هُ	Pronoun suffix	Him (i.e., Allah)

👉 So وَٱسْتَغْفِرْهُ means:

“And seek His forgiveness!”

This is a command to the Prophet ﷺ — and to us — to turn to Allah humbly even after achieving success.

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🧬 Root: غ-ف-ر (gh–f–r)

The root غ-ف-ر means:

• To forgive

• To cover up faults

• To shield or protect

Related words:

• مَغْفِرَة (maghfirah) = forgiveness

• غَفُور (Ghafūr) = constantly forgiving

• ٱسْتِغْفَار (istighfār) = the act of seeking forgiveness

The form ٱسْتَغْفِرْ is form 10, which implies seeking something intentionally — in this case, seeking to be forgiven.

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🧠 Meaning in Context

This verse shows a beautiful spiritual lesson:

• Even after success and victory…

• Even though the Prophet ﷺ is free from sin…

• He is commanded to glorify Allah and seek forgiveness.

Why?

🔹 To show humility — we owe everything to Allah.
🔹 To stay pure and close to Him.
🔹 To model for others the importance of repentance, even after good deeds.

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✅ Summary

Word	وَٱسْتَغْفِرْهُ
Root	غ-ف-ر (to forgive, cover)
Meaning	"And seek His forgiveness"
Context	A command to humbly ask Allah for forgiveness after success and blessings

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بِحَمْدِ (bi-ḥamdi)With praise

 Let’s now explore the word بِحَمْدِ (bi-ḥamdi) — it follows فَسَبِّحْ in Surah An-Naṣr (110:3):

فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ
“So glorify the praise of your Lord and seek His forgiveness…”

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🔍 Word Breakdown: بِحَمْدِ

Part	Arabic	Meaning
بِـ	Prefix (ḥarf jarr)	With / By / In (preposition)
حَمْدِ	Noun (genitive case)	Praise / Grateful praise

👉 So بِحَمْدِ means:

“With praise” or “In praise”
As in: “Glorify your Lord with praise.”

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🧬 Root: ح-م-د (ḥ–m–d)

The root ح-م-د is all about:

• Praising someone with love and admiration

• Acknowledging goodness or perfection

• Showing gratitude and respect through words

Related words:

• حَمْد (ḥamd) = praise, gratitude

• الْـحَمْدُ (al-ḥamdu) = The praise (as in Al-ḥamdu lillāh)

• مُحَمَّد (Muḥammad) = the one who is often praised

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🧠 Meaning in Context

• You are commanded not just to glorify Allah (say Subḥān Allāh), but to do so with praise (i.e., Subḥān Allāhi wa bi-ḥamdih).

• It combines two important acts:

  1. Declaring Allah's perfection (no flaws)

  2. Thanking and praising Him for His blessings and mercy

This teaches us that true worship is not just exalting Allah’s greatness — but also showing grateful love and admiration.

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✅ Summary

Word	بِحَمْدِ
Root	ح-م-د (praise, gratitude)
Meaning	"With praise" / "In praise"
Context	You glorify Allah not just by declaring His perfection, but also by showing loving praise and thanks

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فَسَبِّحْ (fa-sabbiḥ)So glorify!

 let’s explore the beautiful word فَسَبِّحْ (fa-sabbiḥ) from Surah An-Naṣr (110:3):

فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّابًا
“So glorify the praise of your Lord and seek His forgiveness. Indeed, He is ever Accepting of repentance.”

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🔍 Word Breakdown: فَسَبِّحْ

Part	Arabic	Meaning
فَـ	Prefix	So / Then (indicates result)
سَبِّحْ	Command verb	Glorify! / Declare perfection!

👉 فَسَبِّحْ means:

“So glorify!” or “Then declare the perfection (of Allah)!”

This is a command (imperative) directed at the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ — and by extension, to us.

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🧬 Root: س-ب-ح (s–b–ḥ)

The root س-ب-ح conveys:

• To move swiftly, especially in water or air

• To declare something above all defects

• To glorify, exalt, or praise Allah as perfect

Related words:

• تَسْبِيح (tasbīḥ) = glorification (saying: Subḥān Allāh)

• سُبْحَانَ (subḥāna) = "Glory be to" or "Exalted is"

So, سَبِّحْ means:

Declare that Allah is perfect, free from all flaws, above all imperfection.

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🧠 Meaning in Context

• After Allah grants victory and people enter Islam in crowds (verses 1–2), He commands:

  • Don’t boast, don’t relax, but rather:

  • Glorify Allah, because it was His help, not human effort alone.

• فَسَبِّحْ reminds us: After success, turn immediately to humble worship and remembrance.

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✅ Summary

Word	فَسَبِّحْ
Root	س-ب-ح (to glorify, declare perfection)
Form	Command verb (imperative)
Meaning	"So glorify!" or "Declare the perfection (of Allah)!"
Context	A divine command to praise Allah after witnessing success and victory